No, Really — Old Women Are Not Witches

Comic Relief and the Department for International Development are funding an odd program in Tanzania — aid workers there are trying a number of approaches to convince people in north-west Tanzanian that old women are not witches.

According to the BBC,

In many African villages, old women living on their own or in isolation are often accused of being witches with local people holding them esponsible for tragic events or even general hardship.

The women are victimised and intimidated and in many cases they are killed.

The program targets 70 villages in north-west Tanzania. “We use traditional drama groups, dances, choirs to pass educational messages to the entire community that older people are not witches,” Sixbert Mbaya, who manages one of these programs, told The BBC.

On the one hand, it is difficult to fathom that in the 21st century there is any part of the world that still needs such a program. On the other hand, it is only a few centuries removes since the last witch trials in North America. Programs that genuinely improve the status of women in the developing world deserve our support.

Source:

Aid scheme tackles African witch myth. The BBC, April 26, 2002.

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Pakistani Women Sentenced to Stoning for Adultery Conviction

The BBC reports that a woman, Zafran Bibi, has been sentenced to be stoned to death after being convicted of adultery in Pakistan.

Pakistan introduced the Islamic Sharia law in 1980. Several women have been sentenced to death for committing adultery in that time, but none of those sentences were ever carried out.

Bibi had filed a rape charge against her brother-in-law, but later reportedly confessed to having an affair with him. She was sentenced to death based on that confession.

Source:

Stoning sentence for Pakistan woman. Susannah Price, The BBC, April 19, 2002.

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Sexual Equality Kills Off Women’s Literary Tradition in China

In China, a tradition of women’s writing that stretches back almost two centuries is on the verge of dying out. Thank goodness for progress.

Nushu is a unique form of Chinese that uses symbols for sounds rather than for specific meanings (as traditional Chinese character scripts do). Moreover, it was developed by women to communicate with other women.

According to a recent story in the Los Angeles Times, nushu was in use by women in China at least since the Taiping Rebellion of 1850. Barred from any sort of formal education, and with little power at all, women in China used nushu to write letters, compose poems and songs, and tell their stories.

Interestingly, while some Leftists in the United States were pushing Communist China as a model, the Cultural Revolution attacked nushu as feudalistic. “The women who knew nushu, who used to get together to sing [nushu songs], were seized and protested against and criticized,” Zhou Shuoyi told The Los Angeles Times. “And the materials they had were confiscated and burned.”

Zhou himself reports being denounced in 1958 as a “rightist” for his scholarly research into the women’s-only script.

Ironically what the Communist Chinese could not do, progress has. With widespread education of girls in China, nushu has all but died out. It just isn’t relevant anymore.

That’s progress. Women in China still face enormous problems, but today they are largely the same problems faced by anyone being forced to live under one of the last remaining Communist governments in the world.

Radical feminist accounts of the lives of women in China focus on practices such as footbinding, which is certainly part of the story, but so are the creative ways in which women responded to their second class status, such as nushu, which should not be forgotten.

Source:

China’s Mother Tongue Is Dying. Henry Chus, The Los Angeles Times, April 15, 2002.

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Feminists In Scotland Forced to Withdraw Domestic Violence Ad

Many European countries have boards that monitor advertising and occasionally force advertisers to rewrite or withdraw advertisements that these boards consider to be deceptive. In Scotland, Scottish Women’s Aid was forced to withdraw and rewrite an ad publicizing the threat of domestic violence.

The group had published a poster claiming that “one in five women in Scotland live with the constant threat of abuse.” The Scottish Advertising Standards Authority ruled that this claim was not supported by the study cited by Scottish Women’s Aid and forced the ad to be removed from newspapers and billboards until it could be corrected.

The new text of the ad, which the Advertising Standards Authority signed off on, now states that “A recent survey suggests that one in five women in Scotland have experienced domestic abuse.”

The feminists were outraged at the change, with Scottish Women’s Aid training support worker Liz Kelly telling Scotland on Sunday, “The time spent discussing [the ad] . . . would have been better spent on providing better services to abused women and their children.”

On the one hand, the existence of such boards is ridiculous. The solution to feminist misuse and misrepresentation of statistics is to point out there abuse, not censor them wholesale. On the other hand, while feminists in Europe tend to complain when ad boards rule against them, they usually have no problem running to advertising authorities to try to have ads they think are sexist or demeaning to women withdrawn at a moment’s notice, so it’s hard to generate any deep sympathy for them.

Source:

Ruling on domestic abuse adverts branded ‘childish’. Karen Rice, Scotland on Sunday, March 31, 2002.

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Australian Researchers Find Persistent Female Stalkers as Dangerous as Persistent Male Stalkers

Australian researchers published a study in the American Journal of Psychiatry which found that female stalkers were just as predatory and dangerous as their male counterparts.

The researchers looked at individuals at a mental health clinic who had stalked their victims for at least four weeks and made at least 10 attempts to communicate with their victims. They found 150 males and 40 females who fit that definition. What they found surprised them,

Contrary to popular assumption, the female stalkers were no less likely than their male counterparts to threaten their victims or to attack their person or property. For instance, one female stalker damaged the sports car of her victim, her former fiance. Another painted obscene messages on the fence of her victim’s home. Nine of the 40 female stalkers assaulted their victims, and the nature of the assaults did not differ much from that of male stalkers, except that the women did not commit any sexual assaults.

The major differences between male and female stalkers is that women were just as likely to choose women as men as targets of the stalking and significantly more female stalkers wanted to establish a romantic relationship with the person they were stalking.

One of the researchers, Dr. Paul Mullen, told Psychiatric News, “There is no reason to presume that the impact of being stalked by a female would be any less devastating than that of a man.”

Source:

Don’t underestimate dangerousness of female stalkers, study urges. Joan Arehart, Treichel, Psychiatric News, Feb. 1, 2002.

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Wendy McElroy vs. Extremists of All Stripes

This web site got its start over an eye opening look at radical feminism. My wife and I attended a symposium sponsored by campus feminists and we were shocked and not a little disgusted at the extremism combined with the nonsense that passed for wisdom. That our own university was sponsoring nonsense like this was dismaying. Equally dismaying is that some people choose to respond to this feminist extremism with an anti-feminist extremism that borders on (and in some cases cross the line into) misogyny.

My very first experience with anyone connected with the Men’s Movement made me very suspicious of the whole enterprise. I had befriended a man who had a lot of bad experiences with the legal system following his divorce from his wife. The man was understandably frustrated at the very limited visitations he was allowed with his daughter. But his reaction to this was to advise me that my wife, who was pregnant at the time, was not to be trusted and that women in general were anathema to men in general.

This was, of course, simply the tired old feminist dogma about men and women from a male perspective. I was not really interested in dressing up feminist nonsense about the sexes and calling it liberating and gradually my friend and I grew apart and lost touch with each other.

Some of the people in the men’s movement are so hostile to women, that they attack even defenders of that movement such as Wendy McElroy and Cathy Young. McElroy tried to promote the iFeminists.Com web site on a Usenet group frequented by people in the men’s movement and in return received overwhelming hostility from people who consider anyone who calls him or herself a feminist — even an individualist feminist — to be coopted and just as bad as the radical feminists.

The extent of such hostility is on full display in an essay by Ray Remark, “The Boys in the Back Room: Divvying Up the Masculist Kingdom,” which was published recently on the AngryHarry.Com web site. Remark’s article and Angry Harry’s comments in response illustrate the absolute worst that the anti-feminist movement has to offer.

Remark offers up a dark conspiracy theory in which men lack almost all freedom and people like McElroy and Glenn Sacks are simply tools of the matriarchy. Sacks, for example, wrote an article criticizing misogyny in the men’s movement to which Remark responds that,

The evening that Mr. Sacks’ hit-piece was published, I saw Andrea Dworkin and Gloria Steinem capering down Fifth Avenue, wearing top-hats. They tapdanced all night on ground zero, in the cold ashes of what we once were.

Got that? Criticize misogyny in the men’s movement, and you’re just doing Andrea Dworkin’s work for her. Later in his article, Remark hysterically compares McElroy and Sacks’ criticism of the men’s movement to COINTELPRO and the purges that occurred in Communist Parties during the Stalinist period.

But what does Remark have to offer in its place? Not much. According to Remark,

Masculinity is broken, and so is the moral and spiritual legitimacy of the West.

We need nothing less than a resurrected manhood, a New Adam, and he will come from our gutters and prisons, from the despised and outcast amongst us. Our cure, and our redemption, waits hidden in the most marginal, unexplored elements of masculinity. The broken, the psychotic, the betrayed, the autistic, the demonized, the voiceless — these are the shards from which a new masculinity will be formed. They are brilliant spirits, but they burn very hot.

Ah, the new masculinity can be found in prisons and mental hospitals. I can hardly way to see the dawning of that New Age (come to think of it, I can wait a long time for this bizarre Nietzschean world view to come to pass).

Angry Harry simply reinforces the general view that some in the men’s movement are prone to misogyny. Remark is angry that Sacks and others have criticized elements of the men’s movement for criticizing women in general. But, according to Angry Harry, that’s entirely appropriate,

Well, AH has to say that he thinks that women should be attacked in general! After all, women, in general, have done very little to stem the tide of misandry. They have simply remained silent, and watched how the people they so often claim to love — men and boys — are being cheated, hoodwinked, demonised, discriminated against and treated as humans unworthy of consideration or proper justice.

Indeed, women, in general, continue to behave very selfishly, and they continue to take unfair advantage of today’s discriminatory systems, and AH fully supports any legitimate method which attempt to expose this.

Ah yes, that supreme favorite of radical feminists everywhere, the notion of collective guilt. For radical feminists, the average man is just as guilty — even if just by omission — as the hardened rapist, so for Angry Harry, the woman who just works 9 to 5 and tries to do the best for her family is just as guilty of promoting misandry as is any radical feminist.

What Angry Harry and Remark are arguing for is simply that the men’s movement and anti-feminism in general should be nothing more than a twisted mirror image of the radical feminism movement itself. To that I say thanks, but no thanks.

Source:

The Boys in the Back Room: Divvying up the Masculist Kingdom. Ray Remark, AngryHarry.Com, April 14, 2002.

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Bonobos, Chimpanzees, and Maureen Dowd

In her endless quest to bring sexual politics into practically every discussion, the New York Time‘s Maureen Dowd recently blamed men for the fact that only 49 percent of female executives making more than $100,000 have children (compared to 10 percent of men in that position who are childless). Dowd absurdly thinks that men should take a lesson from bonobos.

Before we get into monkey business, lets look at Dowd’s absurd logic. She cites a “60 Minutes” report in which a handful of women claimed that the second they told men that they attend Harvard Business School, the men are no longer interested in them. Harvard Business School student Ani Vartanian told Lesley Stahl,

As soon as you say Harvard Business School . . . that’s the end of the conversation. As soon as the guys say, ‘Oh, I go to Harvard Business School,’ all the girls start falling into them.

Of course anecdotes like this are manna to columnists like Dowd who seem positively allergic to anything even remotely smelling of actual data. Dowd implicitly argues that this is the reason female executives are childless without offering a shred of evidence.

She then goes on to urge men to be willing to date more “challenging” women, and, in the process, pauses to denigrate women who are not as “challenging” or “demanding.” According to Dowd,

Women who don’t have demanding jobs are not less demanding in relationships; indeed, they may be more demanding. They’re saving up all that competitive energy and critical faculty to lavish on you when you get home.

What a demeaning thing to say about women who do not attend Harvard Business School or pursue the high challenge careers that Dowd apparently thinks they should.

But it is when Dowd ends her column in a bit of comparative evolutionary biology between human beings and bonobos that Dowd really goes off the deep end. According to Dowd,

Bonobos, or pygmy chimpanzees, live in equatorial rain forests of Congo, and have an extraordinarily happy existence.

And why? because in bonobo society, the females are dominant. Just light dominance, so that its more like a co-dominance, or equality between the sexes.

“They are less obsessed with power and status than their chimpanzee cousins, and more consumed with Eros,” The Times’s Natalie Angier has written. “Bonobos use sex to appease, to bond, to make up after a fight, to ease tensions, to cement alliances . . . Humans generally wait until after a nice meal to make love; bonobos do it beforehand.”

All of this, is offered as a way to achieve Dowd’s ultimate goal which is, namely, “If men would only give up their silly desire for world dominance, the world would be a much finer place.”

First, Angier’s claim that chimpanzees are “obsessed with power and status” whereas bonobos are “more consumed with Eros” is the absolute worse sort of anthropomorphism. Chimpanzees don’t sit around plotting how to obtain power, and bonobos aren’t thinking of ways to get laid. They’re both following scripts pre-arranged for them by their particular evolutionary path. Imputing to them these human motives is absurd and unworthy of even a beginning biology student.

More importantly, though, decades ago this sort of anthropomorphizing held up chimpanzees as a model for human behavior. Until it was discovered that chimpanzees organizing hunting parties and engage in plenty of other organized violence.

But in evaluating bonobos vs. chimpanzees Dowd, like a lot of people who cite bonobos, leave out what bonobos do not do. What they do not do is use tools to nearly the extent that chimpanzees do. Chimps, like human beings, are rather creative tool users — they will use sticks to fish, use tree branches as ladders to escape, and exhibit a whole host of other behaviors. Bonobos have never been observed using tools in the wild (though they do learn how to use tools in captivity).

One persistent theory about human intelligence and tool use is that it evolved out of the needs of organized hunting and other aggressive. To the extent that one can draw the sort of crude comparisons between non-human primates and human beings, the clear lesson is that following Dowd’s advice might indeed reduce conflict, but it would also reduce that which makes us human — our incredible manipulation of our environment.

Personally, though, I suspect the amount of comparative information that can be gleaned about human behavior from chimpanzees and bonobos is extremely limited. More often commentators such as Dowd simply use these non-human primates as a post hoc justification for their already pre-existing ideological views. That’s one difference between non-human primates and someone like Dowd — the primates do not intentionally prefer fallacious logic over reasoned argument (the bonobos and chimpanzees at least have a ready justification for not relying on solid data — what’s Dowd’s excuse?)

Source:

The baby bust. Maureen Dowd, New York Times, April 10, 2002.

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Controversial Use of Fetal Murder Law in Michigan

In Michigan, prosecutors are pursuing what is bound to be an extremely controversial application of the state’s fetal murder law in the wake of a tragic automobile accident.

The facts are this: On Jan. 3, 2001 Kara Hanford was 9 months pregnant and traveling in a vehicle driven by the father, Marty French. Hanford was not wearing a seat belt and French’s license was listed as being suspended (although Hanford maintains he had a valid driver’s license).

According to witnesses, as French approached a train crossing, he tried to stop but hit a patch of ice and slammed into a train. Hanford was thrown out of the car and into a nearby pond. She was taken by paramedics to a nearby hospital where an emergency Caesarean section was performed. The infant survived only four days.

This week French was formally charged with driving with a suspended license causing death and negligent homicide. French could spend up to 15 years in jail if convicted on the charges.

French is being charged under Michigan’s Prenatal Protection Act which was enacted after a highly publicized case in Michigan where drunk driver caused a car accident which killed a nearly full-term fetus. The idea was that there should be some sort of penalty for third parties causing the death of a fetus through their own negligence and/or willfully malicious actions.

But prosecutors in this case are reaching beyond all bounds if they think people who supported this law believed it would be used in this sort of case. This was a tragedy that both Hanford and French clearly have not yet recovered from. As Hanford nicely summarized French’s impending prosecution,

I lost a big part of me, and now they’re going to take the rest of me. Now one year later, they want to take away the only thing I have left. Like his son dying wasn’t enough.

Moreover, these sorts of prosecutions will only create a backlash that will undermine a law that could do some good if sensibly applied.

Source:

Prison threat adds to parents’ loss. John Agar, Kalamazoo Gazette, April 16, 2002.

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British Researcher Finds Men as Likely as Women to Be Victims of Domestic Violence

British professor John Archer of the University of Central Lancashire looked at 17 studies of domestic violence from the United States, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom published over the last 20 years. He found that men were just as likely as women to be victims of domestic violence.

In presenting his results at a meeting of the British Psychological Society, however, Archer also pointed out that in domestic violence incidents that involved injuries, only 38 percent were men compared to 62 percent women.

Archer told Reuters,

The expectation I had was that it was going to be overwhelmingly the women who got injured. Given that they are more likely to be injured, why is it that they engage in acts of aggression with their partners?

Women might think they can get away with this kind of abuse because the men who are the victims are not taken seriously. They are seen as ‘whimpish’ and are ridiculed. Men are supposed to put up with a little bit of injury.

Archer will publish a report on his research later this year in the American Psychological Association’s Psychological Bulletin.

Source:

Men face abuse as often as women: UK researcher. Reuters Health, April 5, 2002.

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Man in China Sues Wife for Having an Abortion

The BBC reports that in March a man in China became the first to file a lawsuit under a new law in that country that guarantees both men and women equal say in having children.

As part of its extreme family planning policies, China approved a law that makes both spouses in a marriage equally responsible for family planning decisions. In this case, a man his wife because she aborted her pregnancy despite his desire to see her carry the pregnancy to term.

The law was apparently passed due to concern that the brunt of enforcement of China’s one-child policy was falling largely on women. Health experts called on men to take more active of a role, and the government responded with a law granting men and women equal legal status in making decisions about when to have children.

The BBC reports that a Chinese court recommended that the man’s lawsuit be allowed to proceed.

Chinese man sues wife over abortion. Vickie Maximova, The BBC, March 20, 2002.

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